Nidaamka waxbarashada ee Bologna

Tan iyo bilowgii sanadka cusub, nidaamka tacliinta sare ee dalalka ugu badan ee Yurub iyo USSR hore ayaa isbeddel ku yimid habka Bologna. Bilowga rasmiga ah ee jiritaanka nidaamka waxbarashada ee Bologna waa taariikhda July 19, 1999, marka wakiillada 29 dal ay saxiixeen Bayaanka Bologna. Maanta, nidaamka Bologna waxaa lagu ansixiyay 47 dal, oo kaqeybqaatay geedi socodka.

Nidaamka waxbarashada ee Bologna waxaa loola jeedaa inuu keeno tacliin sare jaangooyo midaysan, si loo abuuro boos waxbarasho guud. Waa wax iska cad in nidaamyada waxbarashada gaarka ah ay had iyo jeer noqdaan caqabad ku ah ardayda iyo qalinjabinta hay'adaha tacliinta sare, horumarinta sayniska ee gobolka Yurub.

Hawlaha ugu muhiimsan ee Nidaamka Bologna

1. Hirgelinta nidaam shahaadooyin la barbardhigi karo, si ay dhammaan qalin-jabiyayaasha dalalka ka qaybqaatayaashu u yeeshaan xaalado isku mid ah shaqada.
2. Abuuridda nidaam laba-heer ah ee tacliinta sare. Heerka koowaad waa 3-4 sano oo daraasaddeed, taas oo ka dhalatay ardaygu helayo shahaadada tacliinta sare iyo shahaadada bachelorka. Heerka labaad (looma baahna) - 1-2 sano gudahood ardaygu wuxuu barayaa khabiir gaar ah, natiijadaasina waxay helaysaa shahaadada mastaradka. Go'aaminta kan ka fiican, bachelor ama masters , ayaa weli ah ardayga. Nidaamka waxbarashada ee Bologna wuxuu qeexay tallaabooyinka la tixgelinayo baahida suuqa shaqada. Ardaygu wuxuu leeyahay doorasho - inuu bilaabo shaqo ka dib 4 sano ama sii wado tababarka kuna lug leh hawlaha sayniska iyo cilmi baarista.
3. Horudhacidda jaamacadaha ee "unugyada cabbirka" ee guud ee waxbarashada, guud ahaan la fahmay nidaamka wareejinta iyo isu-ururinta dhibco (ECTS). Nidaamka qiimeynta Bologna wuxuu leeyahay dhibco gebi ahaanba barnaamijka waxbarashada. Hal amaah ah waa celcelis ahaan 25 saacadood oo waxbarasho ah oo lagu qaato muxaadaro, barashada madaxbannaan ee maadada, imtixaannada imtixaanka. Caadi ahaan jaamacadaha jadwalka waxaa loo sameeyey qaab sidan oo loogu talagalay semester waxaa jiray fursad lagu badbaadiyo 30 dhibcood. Ka-qaybgalka ardayda ku jirta Olympiads, shirarka waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa dhibco dheeraad ah. Natiijo ahaan, ardaygu wuxuu heli karaa shahaadada bachelorka, isagoo haysta 180-240 saacadood oo deyn ah, iyo shahaadada mastaradka, isagoo kasbaday 60% dhibco kale.
4. Nidaamka deymaha ayaa siinaya ardayda marka ugu horeysa ee xoriyadda dhaqdhaqaaqa. Maadaama nidaamka Bologna ee qiimaynta aqoonta la helay uu yahay mid la fahmi karo ee hay'ad kasta ee tacliinta sare ee wadamada ka qaybqaata, ka wareejinta hal hay'ad si kale ma noqon doonto dhibaato. Marka habka, nidaamka deymuhu wuxuu ka walwalsan yahay ardayda oo keliya, laakiin sidoo kale macallimiin. Tusaale ahaan, u gudub waddan kale oo la xidhiidha nidaamka Bologna ma saameyn doonto waayo-aragnimada, dhammaan sanadaha shaqada ee gobolka ayaa lagu xisaabtamayaa oo la aqoonsan yahay.

Faa'iidooyinka iyo khasaaraha nidaamka Bologna

Su'aasha ah faa iidada iyo qadarinta nidaamka waxbarashada ee Bologna wuxuu kicinayaa adduunka oo dhan. America, inkastoo ay xiiseyneyso goob waxbarasho oo caadi ah, weli wali ma noqon xisbi geedi socodka dareen la'aanta nidaamka amaahda. Maraykanka, qiimeyntu waxay ku salaysan tahay tiro badan oo ah arrimo badan, iyo fududaynta nidaamku kuma habboona Maraykanka. Qaar ka mid ah qaladaadka nidaamka Bologna ayaa sidoo kale lagu arkaa booska Soviet-ka. Nidaamka waxbarashada ee Bologna ee Russia ayaa la ansixiyey 2003, labo sano ka dib nidaamka waxbarashada Bologna ee Ukraine ayaa noqday mid miisaan. Marka hore, dalalkaas darajada bachelorka looma aqoonsana inay yihiin shaqaale buuxa, shaqabixiyayaashu si degdeg ah uma wada shaqaynayaan si ay ula shaqeeyaan "khabiirada" khabiirada . Marka labaad, sida raacitaanka dhaqdhaqaaqa ardayga, awood u lahaanshaha socdaalka iyo waxbarashada dibada ee ardayda intiisa badani waa qaraabo, maaddaama ay ku lug leedahay qarashaadka badan ee dhaqaalaha.