Penicillins waa koox ka mid ah antibiotics oo ay soo saaraan noocyada kaluunka ee Penicillium cireedka. Waxay ka firfircoonaadaan fal-qaadista bakteeriyada ee "Gram-positive", iyo sidoo kale waxoogaa jeermi-diidmo ah. Daawooyinka antibiotica ee taxanaha penicillin waxaa ka mid ah ma aha oo keliya xeryahooda dabiiciga ah, laakiin sidoo kale kuwa semisynthetic.
Guryaha:
- Qiyaaso kala duwan oo qiyaas ah.
- Dhibaatooyinka sunta ah ee ku dhaca jidhka.
- Tallaabooyin ballaaran oo ficil ah.
- Xasaasiyadda ka-hortagga noocyada kale ee penicillins.
- Neefsasho degdeg ah iyo qaybinta jirka.
- Gacmaha si fiican u galmoodo unugyada, dheecaannada jidhka.
- Horumarka degdegga ah ee xoogga daaweynta.
- Ka saarida si deg deg ah jirka.
Kaaraynta
Daawada antibiotica ee kooxda penicillin, sababtoo ah sunta ay hoos u dhacdo, waa daawooyinka bakteeriyada ugu fiican loo dulqaato. Dhibaatooyinka xasaasiga ah oo keliya ayaa dhacaya oo keliya haddii uu jiro dareen-celin ama xasaasiyad ku ah penicillin. Nasiib daro, dareen-celinta noocan oo kale ah ayaa lagu arkay dad aad u tiro badan (illaa 10%) waxayna ku faafaan maaha oo kaliya daawooyinka, laakiin sidoo kale wax kasta oo kale iyo alaabooyinka kale ee leh kiniiniga antibiyootigga ah. Xasaasiyadda ku jirta penicillin waa suurtagal marka la geliyo jirka oo dhan, xitaa qiyaasta ugu yar ee daroogada. Sidaa daraadeed, leh dareen-celin iyo dareen-celin xasaasiyadeed waa lagama maarmaan in la xakameeyo antibiyootiko iyada oo aan lahayn penicillin iyo daawooyinka penicillin la'aanta ee daawooyinka.
Arinta arimaha
Taxane antibiotics ah ayaa lagu heli karaa kiniinno:
- Kiniinnada Penicillin-ekormoline ee dib-u-dejinta.
- Kiniinada Penicillin-ekormoline ee maamulka afka.
- Kiniinnada Penicillin leh soodhiyam sodium.
Kalluun ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si loogu diyaariyo xal iyo irbado.
Qeybinta
Antibiotics ee kooxda penicillin waxay leeyihiin noocyada soo socda:
- Daawooyinka dabiiciga ah - waxaa laga helaa deegaanka oo ah fayraska picicillin.
- Daawooyinka Biosynthetic - waxaa laga helaa iyadoo loo marayo udub dhexaadka.
- Kalamiidin-naceybis - waxaa la helaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo asiidh laga soocay penicillins dabiiciga ah (antibiotics ku salaysan penicillin).
Goobaha codsiga:
Daawada antibiyootigga ee antibiotica waxay leedahay ficil fara badan oo ficil ah waxayna leedahay saameyn halis ah oo ku saabsan bakteeriyada oo sababtay cudurkan:
- infakshanka mareenka sare iyo kan hoose ee neefta;
- infekshanka ku dhaca marinka mindhicirka;
- infekshinka kaadida;
- cudurada galmada;
- hababka qurxinta.
Dhibaatooyinka kale
Iyadoo ay jirto dulqaad wanaagsan, antibiyootikada ka soo jeeda kooxda penicillin ayaa awood u leh inay yeeshaan waxyeelooyinka soo socda ee jirka:
1. Dareen-celinta xasaasiyadda iyo isku-buuqa:
- maqaarka;
- finanka maqaarka;
- bararka xuubka xabka;
- jabinta nidaamka dheef-shiidka;
- arthritis;
- balastariyada budada;
- shoog anaphylactic;
- edema maskaxda;
- arthralgia
2. Dareenka sunta:
- lallabbo;
- shubanka;
- stomatitis;
- glossitis;
- necrosis ee muruqyada;
- kakoobiinka afka ee afka iyo afka;
- horumarinta superinfection;
- xinjirta mindhicirka;
- Trombophlebitis.
3. Dareen-celinta Neurotoxic:
- quruxda;
- gariir;
- delirium;
- jebinta xeerka cadaadiska dhiigga.
4. Falcelin gaar ah:
- xakamaynta gudaha;
- Dhibaatooyinka nidaamka xididada dhiigga (Hal iyo Naadiga Nicolau).
Illaa iyo hadda, daaweynta penicillin waa mid ka mid ah hababka ugu waxtar leh ee lagula dagaalamayo cudurrada faafa. Laakiin balankiisa waa inuu dhakhtarku sameeyaa si waafaqsan falanqaynta iyo baarista xasaasiyadda.